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Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China¹ Department of Cardiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 52 Meihua Road, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China² Department of Epidemiology, the College of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 72 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China

(Correspondence should be addressed to X Chen; Email: cxcoffice{at}21cn.com)

Association between the (AC)_n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the 5'-end of the aldose reductase gene and the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy was conducted. We examined eight studies consisting of ten Caucasian type 1 diabetes mellitus case–control comparisons and eight studies consisting of nine type 2 diabetes mellitus case–control comparisons, which were based on our inclusion criterion and available in the literature. The meta-analysis demonstrated a large heterogeneity among the studies on the type 1 diabetic subjects and a significant association was observed between the (AC)_n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the 5'-end of the aldose reductase gene and diabetic nephropathy. The Z–2 allele appeared to be a genetic risk factor for susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy with a random effects odds ratio (OR) of 1.40 (95% confidence interval, CI (1.07, 1.84)). The Z+2 allele showed a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy with a random effects OR of 0.77 (95% CI (0.65, 0.91)). The meta-analysis, however, showed no association between the genetic polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects. Neither the risk Z–2 allele nor the protective Z+2 allele in type 1 diabetic subjects appeared to have an effect on nephropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects, while their fixed effects OR was 1.09 (95% CI (0.96, 1.22)) and 0.88 (95% CI (0.67, 1.15)) respectively. The current meta-analysis demonstrated a correlation between the (AC)_n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in Caucasian type 1 diabetic subjects in contrast to type 2 diabetic subject population in which such an association could not be demonstrated.