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Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (2007) 39 135-150    DOI: 10.1677/JME-07-0002
© 2007 Society for Endocrinology
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Global expression profiling of glucose-regulated genes in pancreatic islets of spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

 Hamedeh Ghanaat-Pour, Zhen Huang, Mikael Lehtihet and Åke Sjöholm

Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm South Hospital, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden

(Requests for offprints should be addressed to ÅSjöholm; Email: ake.sjoholm{at}sodersjukhuset.se)

The spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is frequently used as a model for human type 2 diabetes. Selective loss of glucose-sensitive insulin secretion is an early pathogenetic event in human type 2 diabetes, and such a defect also typifies islets from the GK rat. We investigated whether expression of specific glucose-regulated genes is disturbed in islets from GK rats when compared with Wistar rats. Large-scale gene expression analysis using Affymetrix microarrays and qRT-PCR measurements of mRNA species from normal and diabetic islets were performed after 48 h of culture at 3 or 20 mM glucose. Of the 2020 transcripts differentially regulated in diabetic GK islets when compared with controls, 1033 were up-regulated and 987 were down-regulated. We identified significant changes in islet mRNAs involved in glucose sensing, phosphorylation, incretin action, glucocorticoid handling, ion transport, mitogenesis, and apoptosis that clearly distinguish diabetic animals from controls. Such markers may provide clues to the pathogenesis of human type 2 diabetes and may be of predictive and therapeutical value in clinical settings in efforts aiming at conferring ß-cell protection against apoptosis, impaired regenerative capacity and functional suppression occurring in diabetes.




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