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Section on Cellular Signaling, Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4510, USA

(Requests for offprints should be addressed to S S Stojilkovic; Email: stojilks{at}mail.nih.gov)

Soluble guanylyl cyclase is a cytosolic enzyme which catalyzes conversion of GTP to the second messenger cyclic GMP. The transcriptional regulation at the promoter levels of four soluble guanylyl cyclase subunits, termed 1, 2, ß1, and ß2, is largely unknown. In this study, we identified the transcription start site of 1-soluble guanylyl cyclase gene in rat pituitary cells and cloned the 3.5 kb 5'-promoter. Sequence analysis of this TATA-less promoter revealed the presence of several putative-binding sites for transcriptional factors, including CCAAT site at –41 to –32 and Sp1 site at –34 to –24. Transfection of pituitary cells with constructs of variable lengths confirmed the relevance of different promoter regions in the control of transcriptional activity. Among them, the –49 to + 156 region was critical for basal transcriptional activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay using nuclear proteins extracted from normal and immortalized pituitary cells indicated that the CCAAT/Sp1 site within the –49 to + 156 region was able to specifically interact with CCAAT-binding factor and Sp1. These two sites were partly overlapped and both of them conferred stimulatory effects. The in vivo recruitment of CCAAT-binding factor and Sp1 was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. These results indicate that the composite CCAAT/Sp1 cis-element contributes to the expression of 1-sGC subunit in resting pituitary cells.

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