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Binding of ¹²⁵I-labelled arginine vasotocin (AVT) was studied in isolated intact gill cells obtained from eels (Anguilla anguilla) adapted to fresh water (FW) or to sea water (SW). Experiments carried out at 20°C showed maximum and stable binding beyond 10 min of incubation. Specific binding, determined by using labelled peptide in the presence or absence of an excess of unlabelled hormone, represented 30–50% of total and was reversible, with a half-time of less than 5 min. Scatchard plot analysis revealed the presence of a single population of saturable, high-affinity sites. Maximum binding capacity (B_max: fmol AVT/10⁶ cells) and dissociation constant (K_d: nM) were respectively 5·16 and 3·21 in FW and 24·25 and 1·05 in SW. Analysis of chloride cell number and size in gills and of binding characteristics of AVT revealed parallel changes with external salinity. These results are taken as evidence for the direct intervention of neurohypophysial peptides on the gill epithelium of teleost fishes.